Cataracts

What is a cataract?

A cataract forms when the lens of the eye, which is normally clear, becomes foggy and opaque. The affected area may be extremely small or very large and cause a noticeable loss of vision.

Who is affected?

Cataracts mostly affect those aged 60 and over, however, they may also be found in young people and infants.

What causes cataracts?

No one knows what really causes them. However, we do know that the clouding of the lens comes from a chemical modification within the eye which can be related to aging, heredity, trauma or illness. This may be due to advancing age or it may be the result of heredity, an injury or a disease. Excessive exposure to ultraviolet radiation present in sunlight, cigarette smoke or the use of certain medications are also risk factors for the development of cataracts. Cataracts usually develop in both eyes, but often at different rates.

Can cataracts be prevented?

Currently, there is no proven method to prevent cataracts from forming. Wearing sunglasses is a tremendous benefit as they protect your lens from harmful UV rays, which can speed up cataract formation. A diet rich in antioxidants (such as Vitamins A, C, E, Zinc Selenium & Magnesium) is seemingly also beneficial.

What are the signs/symptoms of cataracts?

Cataracts develop without pain or redness, some indications that a cataract may be forming include blurred or hazy vision, the appearance of spots in front of the eyes or the feeling of having a film over the eyes. A temporary improvement in near vision may also occur and increased sensitivity to glare, especially at night, may be experienced.

How are cataracts diagnosed?

A comprehensive eye examination by your optometrist can determine if you have a cataract forming.

How are cataracts treated?

In the early stages of a cataract, where vision is only minimally affected, your optometrist can prescribe new lenses for your glasses to give you the sharpest vision possible. When the cataracts start to interfere with your daily activities and glasses cannot improve this vision, your optometrist will refer you to an eye surgeon who may recommend the surgical removal of the cataracts.

When will I need to have cataracts removed?

Cataracts may develop slowly over many years or they may form rapidly in a matter of months. Some cataracts never progress to the point that they need to be removed. When a change in glasses can no longer provide functional vision, your optometrist will arrange a consultation with a cataract surgeon.

What happens after cataract surgery?

Intraocular lens implants, inserted in your eye at the time of surgery, serve as a “new lens” and sometimes give you good distance vision without glasses. Your near vision will still be blurred. Your Optometrist will prescribe new lenses for your glasses about 4 weeks after surgery to maximize your distance and near vision.